What is Prometheus?
Prometheus is world class Monitoring System comes with Time Series Database as default. It’s an open-source systems originally built in year 2012.
World’s top 500 companies have been using Prometheus for collecting metrics for their infrastructure and application. Prometheus supports multi-dimensional data model with time series data which mainly identified as Metrics.
There is no special data storage requirement as Prometheus uses Time Series DB (TSDB) part of it’s own installation.
In this tutorial we will install Prometheus on Linux Ubuntu and CentOS with super simple steps.
Let’s get started:
Step-1 Verify Linux OS version
Command: cat /etc/os-release
root@localhost:~# cat /etc/os-release NAME="Ubuntu" VERSION="19.04 (Disco Dingo)" ID=ubuntu ID_LIKE=debian PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 19.04" VERSION_ID="19.04" HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/" SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/" BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/" PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy" VERSION_CODENAME=disco UBUNTU_CODENAME=disco
Below steps apply to Ubuntu Linux OS.
Step-2 Create Prometheus Data and Config Folder
Commands:
root@localhost:~# sudo mkdir /crunchify/prometheus/conf root@localhost:~# sudo mkdir /crunchify/prometheus/data
Let’s verify both folders:
root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus# pwd /crunchify/prometheus root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus# ls -ltra total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 23:37 conf drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Aug 25 23:37 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 25 23:37 data drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Aug 25 23:37 .
Step-3 Change ownership of Data folder
This is required to avoid permission issue in the later steps.
root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus# sudo chown 65534:65534 /crunchify/prometheus/data/
Step-4 Create prometheus.yml file
Go to folder /crunchify/prometheus/conf and create file prometheus.yml.
root@localhost:/# cd /crunchify/prometheus/conf root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus/conf# vi prometheus.yml
prometheus.yml file content:
# my global config
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).
# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
# - alertmanager:9093
# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"
# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any time series scraped from this config.
- job_name: 'prometheus'
# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
# scheme defaults to 'http'.
static_configs:
- targets: ['65.19.71.11:9090']
Note: In above file – replace IP with your host/VM IP.
Here is a Directory structure for this tutorial:
Step-5 Make sure you have installed Docker on your VM.
How to check if Docker is installed or not?
root@localhost:~# docker Command 'docker' not found
That means docker is not installed on your host/VM. Please follow Docker installation tutorial completely to install Docker on your host/VM.
Step-6 Install Docker Compose
Pre-requisiteis to install Docker first before executing below steps. (Step-5)
Execute below three commands:
root@localhost:~# sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 617 0 617 0 0 2448 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 2448
100 15.4M 100 15.4M 0 0 11.2M 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 15.7M
root@localhost:~# sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
root@localhost:~# sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/docker-compose /usr/bin/docker-compose
Step-7 Verify Docker Compose Version
root@localhost:~# docker-compose --version docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896b
Congrats – docker compose is successfully installed on your VM.
Step-8 Create docker-compose.yml file
Go to folder /crunchify/prometheus.
root@localhost:/crunchify# cd /crunchify/prometheus/ root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus# vi docker-compose.yml
docker-compose.yml file content:
version: "3"
services:
prometheus:
image: prom/prometheus:latest
container_name: prometheus
volumes:
- /crunchify/prometheus/conf:/etc/prometheus
- /crunchify/prometheus/data:/prometheus
command:
- '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
- '--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus'
ports:
- "9090:9090"
Step-9 Install Prometheus Start/Stop as part of system control.
Create file vi /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
prometheus.service file content:
[Unit] Description=Prometheus monitoring docker container After=docker.service BindsTo=docker.service [Service] Restart=always WorkingDirectory=/crunchify/prometheus/ # Ubuntu ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker-compose up ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker-compose down # CentOS #ExecStart=/usr/bin/docker-compose up #ExecStop=/usr/bin/docker-compose down [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
Step-10 Start Prometheus service
root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus/config# sudo systemctl daemon-reload root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus/config# sudo systemctl enable prometheus Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/prometheus.service → /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service. root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus/config# sudo systemctl start prometheus
Prometheus Server Started on Linux:
root@localhost:/crunchify/prometheus# sudo systemctl start prometheus Creating network "prometheus_default" with the default driver Pulling prometheus (prom/prometheus:latest)... latest: Pulling from prom/prometheus 8e674ad76dce: Pull complete e77d2419d1c2: Pull complete d7c0a2a2ca7e: Pull complete bd46de67c79d: Pull complete 35f6078df7e9: Pull complete 8b3f04e26151: Pull complete 9d234d9c8a77: Pull complete 1a8a2a4f314d: Pull complete 62e28fd716ec: Pull complete Digest: sha256:cd93b8711bb92eb9c437d74217311519e0a93bc55779aa664325dc83cd13cb32 Status: Downloaded newer image for prom/prometheus:latest Creating prometheus ... done Attaching to prometheus prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.796Z caller=main.go:293 msg="no time or size retention was set so using the default time retention" duration=15d prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.797Z caller=main.go:329 msg="Starting Prometheus" version="(version=2.12.0, branch=HEAD, revision=43acd0e2e93f9f70c49b2267efa0124f1e759e86)" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.798Z caller=main.go:330 build_context="(go=go1.12.8, user=root@7a9dbdbe0cc7, date=20190818-13:53:16)" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.798Z caller=main.go:331 host_details="(Linux 5.0.0-13-generic #14-Ubuntu SMP Mon Apr 15 14:59:14 UTC 2019 x86_64 d870070a8ec7 (none))" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.799Z caller=main.go:332 fd_limits="(soft=1048576, hard=1048576)" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.799Z caller=main.go:333 vm_limits="(soft=unlimited, hard=unlimited)" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.803Z caller=main.go:654 msg="Starting TSDB ..." prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.813Z caller=head.go:509 component=tsdb msg="replaying WAL, this may take awhile" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.815Z caller=head.go:557 component=tsdb msg="WAL segment loaded" segment=0 maxSegment=0 prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.818Z caller=main.go:669 fs_type=EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.819Z caller=main.go:670 msg="TSDB started" prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.819Z caller=main.go:740 msg="Loading configuration file" filename=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.823Z caller=main.go:768 msg="Completed loading of configuration file" filename=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.823Z caller=main.go:623 msg="Server is ready to receive web requests." prometheus | level=info ts=2019-08-26T02:57:48.824Z caller=web.go:448 component=web msg="Start listening for connections" address=0.0.0.0:9090
Congratulations!! You have successfully started Prometheus on your host.
Let’s play with Prometheus Dashboard and UI 
How to verify if Prometheus is running correctly or not?
URL: http://65.19.71.11:9090/metrics
How to verify Host or VM’s UP status using Prometheus?
URL: http://65.19.71.11:9090/targets
How to check Prometheus Configuration on Browser?
Prometheus Runtime Information
URL: http://65.19.71.11:9090/status
| Uptime | 2019-08-26 03:07:24.244852166 +0000 UTC |
|---|---|
| Working Directory | /prometheus |
| Configuration reload | Successful |
| Last successful configuration reload | 2019-08-26 03:07:24 +0000 UTC |
| Head chunks | 533 |
| Head time series | 533 |
| WAL corruptions | 0 |
| Goroutines | 36 |
| GOMAXPROCS | 1 |
| GOGC | |
| GODEBUG | |
| Storage Retention | 15d |
Prometheus Build Information
| Version | 2.12.0 |
|---|---|
| Revision | 43acd0e2e93f9f70c49b2267efa0124f1e759e86 |
| Branch | HEAD |
| BuildUser | root@7a9dbdbe0cc7 |
| BuildDate | 20190818-13:53:16 |
| GoVersion | go1.12.8 |
Prometheus Command-Line Flags:
URL: http://65.19.71.11:9090/flags
| alertmanager.notification-queue-capacity | 10000 |
|---|---|
| alertmanager.timeout | 10s |
| config.file | /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml |
| log.format | logfmt |
| log.level | info |
| query.lookback-delta | 5m |
| query.max-concurrency | 20 |
| query.max-samples | 50000000 |
| query.timeout | 2m |
| rules.alert.for-grace-period | 10m |
| rules.alert.for-outage-tolerance | 1h |
| rules.alert.resend-delay | 1m |
| storage.remote.flush-deadline | 1m |
| storage.remote.read-concurrent-limit | 10 |
| storage.remote.read-sample-limit | 50000000 |
| storage.tsdb.allow-overlapping-blocks | false |
| storage.tsdb.max-block-duration | 36h |
| storage.tsdb.min-block-duration | 2h |
| storage.tsdb.no-lockfile | false |
| storage.tsdb.path | /prometheus |
| storage.tsdb.retention | 0s |
| storage.tsdb.retention.size | 0B |
| storage.tsdb.retention.time | 0s |
| storage.tsdb.wal-compression | false |
| storage.tsdb.wal-segment-size | 0B |
| web.console.libraries | console_libraries |
| web.console.templates | consoles |
| web.cors.origin | .* |
| web.enable-admin-api | false |
| web.enable-lifecycle | false |
| web.external-url | |
| web.listen-address | 0.0.0.0:9090 |
| web.max-connections | 512 |
| web.page-title | Prometheus Time Series Collection and Processing Server |
| web.read-timeout | 5m |
| web.route-prefix | / |
And you are all set. You have successfully installed Prometheus and verified all of it’s features.
The post How to Install and Configure Prometheus on Linux? (Ubuntu and CentOS) appeared first on Crunchify.
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